If you’re looking for budget-friendly ice cream makers in 2025, I recommend models like the Homtone with a built-in compressor, COWSAR’s compact 1-quart unit, and Cuisinart’s well-known ICE-30BCP1 or ICE-21P1. These machines offer quick freezing, decent capacity, and easy operation without breaking the bank. They often feature automatic settings, LCD displays, and dishwasher-safe parts. Keep exploring—I’ll guide you through their features and help you pick the perfect one for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Affordable models like DASH and MINI-MATIC offer compact design and quick results under $100.
- Fully automatic machines such as COWSAR and Hamilton Beach provide ease of use without pre-freezing.
- Many budget options feature dishwasher-safe parts for easy cleaning and low maintenance.
- Smaller capacity units are ideal for beginners and small households, saving space and cost.
- These budget ice cream makers support various dessert types, including gelato, sorbet, and frozen yogurt.
Homtone Ice Cream Maker with Compressor (2.64 Quart)
The Homtone Ice Cream Maker with Compressor stands out as a top choice for budget-conscious home chefs who want professional-quality frozen treats without the hassle of pre-freezing bowls. Its built-in compressor lets you make ice cream in about an hour, saving time and effort. With a 2.64-quart stainless steel bowl, a powerful 250W motor, and BPA-free blades, it’s durable and safe. The LCD display, intuitive buttons, and multiple modes make operation simple. Quiet, fast, and easy to clean, this machine produces soft, delicious ice cream, gelato, or sorbets with minimal fuss—perfect for anyone looking for a versatile, budget-friendly frozen dessert maker.
Best For: home chefs and families seeking quick, versatile, and budget-friendly frozen desserts without pre-freezing hassle.
Pros:
- Fast operation with ice cream ready in about an hour thanks to built-in compressor.
- Easy to use with an LCD display, intuitive buttons, and multiple modes for different frozen treats.
- Durable stainless steel construction and dishwasher-safe parts for easy cleaning and longevity.
Cons:
- Some users report noise during operation, which may be distracting.
- Initial setup or assembly can be slightly challenging for first-time users.
- Limited recipe guidance included, so users may need to search for or experiment with recipes.
2.64 Qt Ice Cream Maker with Compressor and LCD Display
If you’re looking for an efficient ice cream maker that combines large capacity with quick results, the 2.64-quart model with compressor and LCD display is an excellent choice. It can make up to 30 scoops per batch, perfect for families or parties. Made entirely of stainless steel, it’s durable and easy to clean, with dishwasher-safe parts. Its built-in 250W compressor freezes ingredients in under an hour, with three modes for ice cream, gelato, or sorbet. The LCD display makes operation simple—just add ingredients, press start, and enjoy. Quiet and reliable, it’s a versatile, space-saving addition to any home.
Best For: families and party hosts seeking a large-capacity, quick, and easy-to-use ice cream maker for versatile frozen treats.
Pros:
- Large 2.64-quart capacity makes up to 30 scoops per batch, ideal for gatherings.
- All stainless steel construction ensures durability and easy cleaning with dishwasher-safe parts.
- Rapid freezing with built-in compressor produces ice cream in under an hour, saving time.
Cons:
- Heavier weight (38.6 lbs) may require assistance for moving or storage.
- Some users have expressed concerns about paddle replacement and long-term durability.
- Price and availability can vary, and it may be more expensive than manual or smaller models.
COWSAR 1 Quart Ice Cream Maker with Built-in Compressor
Looking for an ice cream maker that combines convenience with efficiency? The COWSAR 1 Quart Ice Cream Maker with Built-in Compressor is a great choice. It’s fully automatic, so no pre-freezing is needed—just add your ingredients and enjoy. With a 1-hour keep-cooling function, your ice cream stays perfect without melting. Its sleek stainless steel design and quiet operation make it user-friendly and easy to store. Producing smooth, creamy ice cream in about 30 minutes, it’s ideal for experimenting with flavors or making healthy options. Plus, the removable bowls simplify cleanup, making this compact machine a practical, budget-friendly option for homemade treats.
Best For: home cooks and families seeking a convenient, quick, and customizable way to make fresh ice cream without pre-freezing tubs.
Pros:
- Fully automatic operation with built-in compressor eliminates the need for pre-freezing.
- Produces smooth, creamy ice cream in approximately 30 minutes, ideal for quick treats.
- Compact, sleek stainless steel design with removable bowls for easy cleaning and storage.
Cons:
- Some users report the capacity may be smaller than 1 quart, limiting batch size.
- Occasional issues with cooling functionality despite blade movement, possibly due to shipping damage or defects.
- Instructions can be confusing, especially regarding modes that stir without refrigeration or refrigerate without stirring.
CUISINART Ice Cream Maker (ICE30BCP1)
For those seeking a reliable and budget-friendly ice cream maker, the CUISINART ICE30BCP1 stands out with its large 2-quart double-insulated freezer bowl that guarantees quick, consistent freezing. It’s fully automatic, making the process simple and hassle-free, with ice cream ready in about 20 minutes. The heavy-duty stainless steel exterior not only looks sleek but also ensures durability. It features a large ingredient spout for adding mix-ins and includes extras like a replacement lid and paddle. BPA-free and backed by a 3-year warranty, this machine is a fantastic choice for anyone wanting delicious frozen treats without breaking the bank.
Best For: budget-conscious home users seeking quick, easy-to-make frozen desserts with minimal effort.
Pros:
- Fully automatic operation simplifies the ice cream making process
- Large 2-quart double-insulated freezer bowl ensures quick and consistent freezing
- Includes useful accessories like a replacement lid and paddle for convenience
Cons:
- Requires pre-freezing the bowl at 0°F for optimal results, which adds preparation time
- Limited to small batches (2-quart capacity) suitable for small families or gatherings
- The product may be bulky on countertops and needs storage space when not in use
Cuisinart Ice Cream Maker Machine (ICE-21P1)
The Cuisinart ICE-21P1 stands out as an excellent choice for small households or those new to making frozen treats, thanks to its 1.5-quart capacity and straightforward operation. It features a double-insulated freezer bowl that freezes quickly and evenly, allowing you to make ice cream, sorbet, or frozen yogurt in under 20 minutes. The machine is fully automatic with an easy-lock transparent lid and a large spout for adding ingredients. Its BPA-free plastic build is durable, and rubber nonslip feet keep it stable during use. With a simple on/off switch and a 3-year warranty, it’s reliable and perfect for quick, quality desserts at home.
Best For: small households or beginners seeking quick, easy, and reliable frozen desserts at home.
Pros:
- Simple, fully automatic operation suitable for beginners
- Fast freezing with a double-insulated bowl, ready in under 20 minutes
- Compact size ideal for small kitchens and easy storage
Cons:
- Limited capacity of 1.5 quarts may not meet large family needs
- BPA-free plastic paddle might be less durable than metal alternatives
- Not dishwasher safe, requiring manual cleaning of the bowl
Ninja Swirl CREAMi Ice Cream Maker, 13-in-1 Soft Serve & Frozen Yogurt
The Ninja Swirl CREAMi Ice Cream Maker stands out as an excellent choice for health-conscious home users who want versatile dessert options without breaking the bank. It transforms ingredients into ice cream, soft serve, sorbet, frozen yogurt, and more, with 13 one-touch programs including low-calorie, dairy-free, and high-protein options. The machine supports customization and mix-ins, making it easy to craft personalized treats. Its user-friendly design features dishwasher-safe parts, a digital display, and adjustable textures. While some find it noisy and require pre-freezing, many appreciate its ability to create professional-quality desserts at home, offering great value for its price.
Best For: health-conscious families and individuals seeking versatile, customizable frozen treats at home with professional quality and ease of use.
Pros:
- Offers 13 one-touch programs including low-calorie, dairy-free, and high-protein options.
- Supports customization with mix-ins and adjustable textures for personalized desserts.
- Dishwasher-safe parts and user-friendly digital controls make cleanup and operation simple.
Cons:
- Can be noisy during operation, comparable to a vacuum cleaner.
- Requires pre-freezing of the bowl for approximately 24 hours before use, which may delay immediate gratification.
- Some users experience longer wait times or technical issues, and product size and cost may be limiting for certain households.
Ninja CREAMi Ice Cream Maker with 2 Pints
If you’re looking for an affordable yet versatile ice cream maker, the Ninja CREAMi with 2 pints stands out. It transforms frozen ingredients into ice cream, sorbet, milkshakes, and gelato with 7 one-touch programs. Thanks to Ninja’s Creamify technology, it shaves frozen bases into smooth, creamy textures in minutes. The machine includes two 16 oz. pint containers, a recipe guide with 30 options, and features a digital display, automatic shut-off, and a built-in timer. Compact and dishwasher safe, it’s easy to operate and perfect for residential use. Just prep your ingredients, freeze overnight, and enjoy customizable treats with minimal fuss.
Best For: home cooks and families seeking an affordable, versatile ice cream maker that offers customizable treats with minimal effort.
Pros:
- Easy to use with 7 one-touch programs and a digital display for convenience.
- Compact, dishwasher-safe design ideal for residential kitchens.
- Capable of making a variety of frozen desserts including ice cream, sorbet, milkshakes, and gelato.
Cons:
- Only compatible with NC299 and NC300 pint containers, limiting accessory options.
- No detailed instructions in the manual regarding spin versus re-spin functions or ideal water temperature.
- Loud operation noise during processing, which may be disruptive.
Americana 1.5 Qt Electric Ice Cream Maker
Looking for an affordable ice cream maker that’s simple to use and perfect for small families? The Americana 1.5 Qt Electric Ice Cream Maker fits the bill. It features a compact design, measuring just 8x8x9 inches, and weighs around 6 pounds, making it easy to store and maneuver. With a freezable bowl, ingredient chute, and simple on/off switch, it’s user-friendly. You just freeze the bowl overnight, add ingredients, and wait less than 40 minutes for soft serve. It’s versatile, making ice cream, gelato, frozen yogurt, and sorbet. Keep in mind, it produces soft serve, so additional freezing might be needed for a firmer texture.
Best For: small families or casual users seeking an affordable, easy-to-use ice cream maker for homemade treats.
Pros:
- Compact size and lightweight design for easy storage and handling
- Simple manual operation with minimal setup and cleanup
- Versatile, capable of making ice cream, gelato, frozen yogurt, and sorbet
Cons:
- Produces soft serve that may require additional freezing for a firmer texture
- Cleaning the bowl and lid can be challenging and time-consuming
- Inconsistent freezing and melting issues reported when overfilled or improperly pre-mixed
Nostalgia Electric Ice Cream Maker, 6 Quart Parlor Style
For families or parties seeking a vintage-inspired ice cream maker that combines style with functionality, the Nostalgia Electric Ice Cream Maker, 6 Quart Parlor Style, stands out as an excellent budget-friendly option. Its classic white and blue design evokes early 20th-century charm, making it perfect for family kitchens and gatherings. With a 6-quart capacity, it handles homemade ice cream, frozen yogurt, or gelato in about 20-30 minutes. Easy to operate, it requires layering ice and salt around the aluminum canister, with the machine doing all the work. Its lightweight, portable design and simple cleanup make it an appealing choice for those who want nostalgic style without breaking the bank.
Best For: families, parties, or home cooks seeking a vintage-style, easy-to-use ice cream maker that delivers quick, customizable frozen treats in a stylish and budget-friendly design.
Pros:
- Classic vintage-inspired design complements traditional kitchens and gatherings
- Fast production time of 20-30 minutes for homemade ice cream, sorbet, or gelato
- User-friendly operation with automatic churning and easy cleanup
Cons:
- Short power cord may limit placement options during use
- Requires frequent monitoring and topping off of ice during operation
- Hand-wash only, which may be inconvenient for some users
Nostalgia Electric Ice Cream Maker, Vintage Wooden Style, 6 Quart
The Nostalgia Electric Ice Cream Maker, Vintage Wooden Style, 6 Quart stands out as an excellent choice for families and entertaining hosts who want a charming, retro appliance without breaking the bank. Its vintage dark wood design adds nostalgic flair to any kitchen or party setup. With a 6-quart capacity, it’s perfect for making enough ice cream for family gatherings or casual get-togethers. The machine is easy to operate—just add ingredients, layer with ice and salt, and let the motor do the work in about 20-30 minutes. Its portability, durability, and classic look make it a fun, functional, and affordable addition to any ice cream lover’s collection.
Best For: families, party hosts, and ice cream enthusiasts seeking a stylish, retro-inspired machine that produces large batches of homemade frozen treats effortlessly.
Pros:
- Easy to operate with automatic churning in approximately 20-30 minutes
- Vintage wooden design adds nostalgic charm and aesthetic appeal
- Large 6-quart capacity suitable for family gatherings and parties
Cons:
- Requires a significant amount of ice and salt, which may need frequent topping off during use
- Hand wash recommended for cleaning, which can be time-consuming
- Slightly bulky dimensions (13 x 13 x 20 inches) may be less suitable for small kitchens
Hamilton Beach Electric Ice Cream Maker & Frozen Yogurt Machine
The Hamilton Beach Electric Ice Cream Maker & Frozen Yogurt Machine stands out as an excellent choice for families or gatherings, thanks to its generous 4-quart capacity. It’s fully automatic, so you just add your ingredients, assemble, and switch it on—no hand churning needed. The detachable freezer bowl makes cleanup easier, and its durable construction guarantees longevity. With a straightforward operation and a capacity perfect for large batches, it’s ideal for making ice cream, frozen yogurt, sorbet, or gelato at home. While a bit bulky, many users appreciate its simplicity and cost savings, making it a smart pick for budget-conscious dessert lovers.
Best For: families and gatherings seeking an easy-to-use, large-capacity ice cream maker for homemade frozen desserts.
Pros:
- Fully automatic operation requiring no manual churning, ideal for beginners.
- Generous 4-quart capacity perfect for making large batches of ice cream or frozen yogurt.
- Durable construction with a detachable freezer bowl for easier cleaning and storage.
Cons:
- Bulky size may be inconvenient for small kitchens or limited storage space.
- Not dishwasher safe, requiring manual cleaning after use.
- May struggle with high-load ingredients or overfilling, potentially straining the motor.
DASH Electric Ice Cream Maker Machine for Gelato, Sorbet & Frozen Yogurt
If you’re looking for a compact and budget-friendly way to make homemade gelato, sorbet, or frozen yogurt, the DASH Electric Ice Cream Maker Machine is an excellent choice. It produces about 1.6 cups of treats in under 30 minutes, perfect for small servings. Weighing just 2.1 pounds, it’s lightweight, easy to disassemble, and ideal for small kitchens, dorms, or travel. The machine features automatic and manual controls, plus trendy color options. It includes a cooling bowl, recipe book, and access to a recipe database, making it versatile for healthy, vegan, keto, or all-natural ingredients.
Best For: individuals seeking a compact, affordable, and customizable solution for making small batches of homemade ice cream, gelato, sorbet, or frozen yogurt, especially in limited space or on a budget.
Pros:
- Easy to use with automatic and manual controls, suitable for beginners.
- Lightweight and portable, ideal for small kitchens, dorms, or travel.
- Compatible with healthy, vegan, keto, and all-natural ingredients for personalized treats.
Cons:
- Small capacity of only 1.6 cups may require multiple batches for larger servings.
- Some users report lid stability issues and occasional leaks during operation.
- Durability may vary, with potential for leaks or mechanical issues after repeated use.
Maxi-Matic EIM-520 Automatic Electric Ice Cream Maker
For anyone seeking an affordable yet reliable ice cream maker, the Maxi-Matic EIM-520 stands out with its convenient 1-quart capacity and automatic operation. It features a freezable bowl, an automatic rotating spatula for effortless churning, and a chute for adding mix-ins like nuts or berries. Compact and lightweight, it’s perfect for small kitchens, measuring just over 7 inches square and under 9 inches high. The unit is easy to clean by hand, quiet during operation, and doesn’t require salt or chemicals. With simple on/off controls and versatile performance, it’s a great choice for making creamy ice cream, gelato, or sorbet at home without breaking the bank.
Best For: budget-conscious families and home cooks seeking an easy, compact ice cream maker for small servings and versatile frozen treats.
Pros:
- Easy to use with automatic churning and simple on/off controls
- Compact, lightweight design fits small kitchens and is easy to store
- No need for salt, chemicals, or alcohol, making it safer and more convenient
Cons:
- Motor may protect itself from jams caused by viscous or overly cold ingredients, requiring manual intervention
- Lacks detailed manual instructions, relying on a QR code for digital guidance which some find inconvenient
- Produces softer, soft-serve-like ice cream, which may not satisfy those wanting traditional firmer textures
Elite Gourmet Electric Ice & Rock Salt Maker (EIM-308L)
Looking for an affordable ice cream maker that’s easy to use and produces creamy desserts with minimal effort? The Elite Gourmet Electric Ice & Rock Salt Maker (EIM-308L) fits the bill perfectly. It features a durable, waterproof galvanized metal bucket, preventing leaks, and a see-through lid for easy monitoring. With a 4-quart capacity, it churns efficiently using a powerful motor, turning ingredients into soft-serve style ice cream in about 40-45 minutes. Cleanup is simple thanks to dishwasher-safe parts, and setup is quick with just three steps. While some durability concerns exist, overall, it offers great value for homemade ice cream enthusiasts.
Best For: home ice cream enthusiasts seeking an affordable, easy-to-use machine for quick and customizable frozen desserts.
Pros:
- Simple 3-step setup with minimal effort required
- Produces creamy ice cream in approximately 40-45 minutes
- Lightweight, compact design with dishwasher-safe parts for easy cleanup
Cons:
- Durability concerns due to plastic parts, such as the dasher, which may break over time
- No on/off switch, risking accidental operation when plugged in
- Some users report motor stress after extended use and potential mechanical failures
Americana Electric Ice Cream Maker (EIM-1432M)
The Americana Electric Ice Cream Maker (EIM-1432M) stands out as an excellent choice for budget-conscious families and casual home users seeking quick, homemade frozen treats. Its 1.5-quart capacity and automatic operation make it simple to use, producing soft-serve ice cream, frozen yogurt, sorbet, or gelato in under 40 minutes. The quick-freeze bowl eliminates the need for pre-freezing, saving time, though it requires 24 hours in the freezer beforehand. Compact and lightweight at just over six pounds, it’s perfect for small kitchens. While some users have experienced issues with recipes and instructions, proper prep and patience can yield delicious results, making it a versatile, affordable option.
Best For: budget-conscious families and casual home users seeking quick, easy-to-make homemade frozen desserts.
Pros:
- Compact, lightweight design ideal for small kitchens and easy storage
- Automatic operation with no pre-freezing required for the bowl
- Versatile in making ice cream, frozen yogurt, sorbet, and gelato quickly
Cons:
- Limited instructions and occasional difficulty with recipes and texture consistency
- Basic build quality that may cause issues with motor strain or parts over time
- Requires careful ingredient preparation and trial-and-error for optimal results
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Budget Ice Cream Maker
When selecting a budget ice cream maker, I consider factors like affordability, ease of use, and how much ice cream it can make at once. I also look at how simple it is to clean, whether it can handle different recipes, and if it offers enough capacity for my needs. These points help me find a machine that’s practical, versatile, and fits my budget.
Budget Compatibility
Choosing a budget ice cream maker involves balancing cost with essential features to guarantee you get the best value. Typically, these models cost under $100 and are great for casual home use. Many rely on manual churning or pre-frozen bowls, which keeps costs low but may limit convenience. They usually have smaller capacities—around 1 to 1.5 quarts—so you might have to make smaller batches. Inexpensive machines tend to lack advanced features like digital displays or multiple modes; instead, they focus on simple operation. Keep in mind, the lower price often means compromises in build quality and durability, so these units might not last as long. Ultimately, choosing a budget-friendly ice cream maker means finding the right balance between affordability and functionality for your needs.
Ease of Use
Ease of use is a key factor that can make or break your experience with a budget ice cream maker. I look for machines with simple controls, like one-touch buttons or clear dials, so I don’t waste time figuring out how they work. Clear instructions and minimal assembly help keep things straightforward, especially if you’re new to making ice cream. Pre-freezing the bowl simplifies the process by removing the need for manual stirring or timing adjustments. Digital displays with timers and progress indicators let me monitor the process easily, avoiding guesswork. Finally, removable, dishwasher-safe parts make cleaning quick and hassle-free. Overall, choosing an intuitive, easy-to-operate machine ensures making delicious ice cream is fun and stress-free.
Capacity & Size
The capacity and size of a budget ice cream maker directly impact how well it fits into your kitchen and meets your serving needs. Smaller models, around 1 to 1.5 quarts, are compact and perfect for limited counter space or easy storage. They’re great if you mainly make small batches or treat yourself occasionally. Larger units, up to 4 quarts, can produce more servings at once, ideal for family gatherings or parties, but they also take up more space and require a bigger freezer bowl. If storage is tight, a portable, space-saving design might be better, even if it has a lower capacity. When choosing, consider how much ice cream you typically want to make and if your kitchen can accommodate the machine’s size.
Maintenance & Cleaning
Maintaining a budget ice cream maker is straightforward when you understand its key cleaning requirements. Most models feature removable parts like bowls, paddles, or lids that are dishwasher safe, making cleanup easy. For parts that aren’t dishwasher friendly, hand washing with mild soap and water is sufficient. It’s important to clean up residual ingredients promptly after each use to prevent staining, odors, or mold. Some units require careful cleaning of the compressor or motor area—always follow the manufacturer’s instructions to avoid damage. Regular maintenance, including thorough cleaning, helps prolong your machine’s lifespan and ensures consistently delicious, high-quality ice cream. A little routine care goes a long way in keeping your budget-friendly ice cream maker in top shape for years to come.
Versatility & Flavors
Choosing a versatile ice cream maker means looking for a model that can handle more than just traditional ice cream; it should be capable of producing gelato, sorbet, frozen yogurt, and even slushes. Models with multiple modes or adjustable settings let you customize textures and flavors, accommodating dairy, dairy-free, and dietary-specific recipes. Some machines come with pre-programmed recipes or support adding mix-ins like fruits, nuts, or candies, making flavor experimentation easy. The capacity and mixing mechanism are also important, as they influence your ability to try different ingredients without sacrificing quality or consistency. User-friendly features like adjustable timers and easy-clean components encourage frequent flavor testing, allowing you to create a wide variety of frozen treats tailored to your tastes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the Maximum Ice Cream Batch Size for Budget Models?
You’re wondering about the maximum batch size for budget ice cream makers. I’ve found that most affordable models typically handle between 1.5 to 4 cups of mixture at a time. While they’re great for small families or quick treats, larger batches usually require a more expensive, commercial-grade machine. So, if you’re aiming for bigger servings, you might need to contemplate a slightly higher-end option.
Do Budget Ice Cream Makers Require Pre-Freezing Bowls?
I’ve found that most budget ice cream makers do require pre-freezing bowls. This step is essential because it helps the mixture freeze evenly and quickly, ensuring a smooth, creamy texture. While it might seem inconvenient, pre-freezing the bowl usually only takes about 12-24 hours. It’s a small hassle that pays off with better results, especially when you’re trying to make ice cream on a budget.
How Noisy Are Affordable Ice Cream Machines During Operation?
You’re wondering how noisy affordable ice cream machines are during operation, right? In my experience, these budget-friendly models tend to be quite noisy, often producing a loud whirring or buzzing sound. While they’re not silent, most users find the noise manageable, especially if you’re okay with a bit of background sound. If noise is a big concern, look for reviews mentioning quieter operation, but expect some level of noise from most budget options.
Can These Machines Make Dairy-Free or Vegan Ice Creams?
Absolutely, many budget-friendly ice cream makers can whip up dairy-free or vegan ice creams. I’ve tried some models that handle plant-based ingredients well, especially if they have a good mixing paddle and temperature control. Just look for machines with a sturdy churn and guarantee you use the right ingredients like coconut milk or almond milk. With a bit of experimentation, you can enjoy delicious vegan ice creams without breaking the bank.
What Is the Typical Lifespan of Budget Ice Cream Makers?
You’re wondering how long budget ice cream makers usually last, right? From my experience, they typically have a lifespan of about 1 to 3 years with regular use. Proper maintenance, like cleaning and avoiding overloading, can help extend their life. Of course, cheaper models might wear out faster, but with good care, you can still enjoy delicious homemade ice cream for quite a while.
Conclusion
So, whether you’re a modern-day ice cream pioneer or still dreaming of making homemade treats in your cave, these budget-friendly makers prove that great frozen desserts don’t have to cost a fortune. Think of it as having your own tiny ice age in your kitchen—no need for a time machine, just a little bit of patience and the right machine. Happy scooping, and may your freezer always be your trusty alchemy lab!
Claude oversees the development and publication of all content at One Bored Mommy. With a meticulous eye for detail and a passion for storytelling, Claude ensures that every article, guide, and story meets our high standards for quality and relevance.
