When searching for Amazon Fire Kids Tablets, parents often face a choice between models that balance affordability, durability, and features tailored for children. The Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet stands out as the best overall for its combination of price and parental controls, while the Fire HD 8 Kids Pro offers a larger screen and more robust features for older kids. However, tradeoffs exist around storage capacity, durability, and device performance, which can influence the best pick for your child’s age and needs. Keep reading for a detailed breakdown of the top options to help you make an informed decision.
Turn the school run and nap time into listening time
- Thousands of audiobooks, podcasts and originals
- Listen on your phone, tablet or Echo — also offline
- Cancel anytime
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- The best overall amazon.com/dp/B0C8C2NZMQ?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0BL8WSCH3?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0CVDVVRYM?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0CVDZ7WYW?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0D38GBHCS?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0C8BZ7QG7?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>amazon.com/dp/B0BLBLRLJB?tag=oneboredmommy.com-20&ascsubtag=dc-839706″ target=”_blank” rel=”nofollow sponsored noopener”>Amazon Fire Kids Tablet balances affordability with durability and parental controls.
- Larger screens, like the 8-inch models, tend to suit older children and offer better multimedia experiences.
- Storage capacity varies significantly; choose based on how much media your child will access regularly.
- Most models include kid-proof cases and parental controls, but their interfaces and features differ.
- Price often correlates with features; investing in a slightly more expensive model can yield longer-term value.
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet, 7-inch Display, 16 GB, Blue | ![]() | Best Overall for Durability and Content | Display: 7-inch touchscreen, 1024 x 600 resolution | Size: 6.4” x 7.9” x 1.1” (162mm x 201mm x 28mm) | Weight: 15.1 ounces (429 grams) | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model) – 7-inch, 16GB, Purple | ![]() | Best for Long-Term Use with Subscription Savings | Display: 7 inches | Storage: 16 GB | Expandable Storage: Up to 1TB microSD | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Pro Tablet, 8-inch HD Screen, 64GB, Hello Teal (2024 Release) | ![]() | Best for Older Kids and Educational Flexibility | Display: 8-inch HD touchscreen, 1280 x 800 resolution | Size: 8.3” x 6.4” x 0.7” (212 mm x 162 mm x 17 mm) | Weight: 17.9 ounces (509 grams) | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Tablet (Newest Model), 8″ HD Display, 4GB RAM, 64GB Storage, Black | ![]() | Best for Streaming and Basic Use | Display: 8 inches HD | RAM: 4 GB | Storage: 64 GB | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet (2024 Release), Ages 3-7, 8″ HD Display, 32GB, Blue | ![]() | Best for Pre-School and Early Elementary Kids | Display: 8″ HD | RAM: 3GB | Storage: 32GB | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model), Ages 3-7, 16 GB, Purple | ![]() | Best Overall for Versatility and Value | Screen Size: 7 inches | Storage: 16 GB | Expandable Storage: Up to 1 TB via microSD | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model) – 7-inch, 16GB, Blue | ![]() | Best for Durability and Short-Term Use | Screen Size: 7 inches | Storage: 16 GB | Expandable Storage: Up to 1TB microSD | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet, Ages 3-7, 64GB, Blue (2024 Release) | ![]() | Best for Larger Screens and Educational Content | Display: 8″ HD | RAM: 4 GB | Storage: 64 GB (expandable up to 1 TB) | VIEW ON AMAZON | See Our Full Breakdown |
| amazon fire kids tablet | Storage | Battery Life | Display | Expandable Storage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | 16 GB (9.5 GB available), expandable up to 1TB via microSD | Up to 10 hours | 7-inch touchscreen, 1024 x 600 resolution | — |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | 16 GB | Up to 10 hours | 7 inches | Up to 1TB microSD |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Pro Tabl | 64 GB (54 GB available), expandable up to 1 TB via microSD | Up to 13 hours | 8-inch HD touchscreen, 1280 x 800 resolution | — |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Tablet | 64 GB | Up to 13 hours | 8 inches HD | Up to 1 TB (sold separately) |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet | 32GB | Up to 13 hours | 8" HD | Up to 1TB microSD (sold separately) |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | 16 GB | Up to 10 hours | — | Up to 1 TB via microSD |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | 16 GB | Up to 10 hours | — | Up to 1TB microSD |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet | 64 GB (expandable up to 1 TB) | Up to 13 hours | 8" HD | — |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet, 7-inch Display, 16 GB, Blue
The Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet stands out as the most balanced choice for young children who need a durable device with a substantial content library. Its included 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription offers a broad range of educational and entertainment options, making it ideal for families seeking value. Compared with the Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model), this version’s durability and parental controls make it more suitable for younger children or those prone to rough handling. The main tradeoff is limited internal storage, which might require microSD expansion for extensive media use. The 7-inch screen is perfect for small hands, and up to 10 hours of battery life supports long play sessions without frequent recharging. However, it does not support Wi-Fi 6, which could affect future-proofing.
Pros:- Durable kid-proof case included for protection
- Up to 10 hours of battery life for extended use
- Includes a 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription with educational content
- Parental controls for safe browsing and content management
Cons:- Limited internal storage (16 or 32 GB) may require microSD expansion
- Some apps require internal storage installation
- Wi-Fi 6 not supported, limiting future network speeds
Best for: Parents of children aged 3-7 who want a durable, content-rich device with comprehensive parental controls
Not ideal for: Older children or tech-savvy users seeking more advanced features or larger internal storage
- Display:7-inch touchscreen, 1024 x 600 resolution
- Size:6.4” x 7.9” x 1.1” (162mm x 201mm x 28mm)
- Weight:15.1 ounces (429 grams)
- CPU & RAM:Quad-Core 2.0 GHz with 2 GB RAM
- Storage:16 GB (9.5 GB available), expandable up to 1TB via microSD
- Battery Life:Up to 10 hours
Our verdict“This tablet offers a reliable, well-rounded experience for younger kids needing durability and educational content.”
Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model) – 7-inch, 16GB, Purple
This latest Fire 7 Kids Tablet in purple emphasizes durability and ongoing content access, making it a smart pick for families committed to a long-term subscription. Its 6-month Amazon Kids+ subscription provides a solid foundation of educational and entertainment content, while the 2-year worry-free guarantee adds peace of mind. Compared to the Fire 7 Kids Tablet (B0BLBLRLJB), this model’s longer subscription and warranty make it more attractive for parents who want ongoing support and protection. However, its internal storage remains limited at 16GB, requiring microSD expansion for more media. The device is primarily targeted at children aged 3-7, so it might lack features that older kids or more tech-savvy users would appreciate.
Pros:- Durable kid-proof case protects against drops
- Includes a 6-month ad-free Amazon Kids+ subscription
- 2-year worry-free guarantee covers accidental damage
- Long battery life of up to 10 hours
Cons:- Automatic renewal of subscription at $7.99/month after 6 months
- Limited internal storage of 16GB, microSD required for more
- Designed mainly for children, lacking advanced features for adults
Best for: Parents seeking a durable, protected device with a long-term subscription and worry-free warranty for young children
Not ideal for: Older children or users wanting advanced features or larger internal storage without microSD support
- Display:7 inches
- Storage:16 GB
- Expandable Storage:Up to 1TB microSD
- Battery Life:Up to 10 hours
- Color:Purple
- Age Range:Ages 3-7
Our verdict“This model is ideal for parents who prioritize durable protection, long-term coverage, and ongoing educational content for young children.”
Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Pro Tablet, 8-inch HD Screen, 64GB, Hello Teal (2024 Release)
The Fire HD 8 Kids Pro stands out for its larger 8-inch HD display and more powerful specs, making it suitable for children aged 6-12 who want a device that can handle both educational tasks and entertainment. Its longer 13-hour battery life supports all-day use, and the included 6-month Amazon Kids+ subscription offers a broad array of content. Compared to smaller 7-inch models, this tablet’s size and performance cater to slightly older children looking for a more versatile device. Its parental controls and web filtering provide safe browsing, but it lacks cellular connectivity, which could limit use outside Wi-Fi zones. The device’s slightly heavier weight and higher price reflect its more advanced capabilities.
Pros:- 8-inch HD touchscreen for better viewing experience
- Long-lasting 13-hour battery supports all-day activities
- Includes 6-month Amazon Kids+ subscription
- Durable kid-friendly case included
Cons:- Wi-Fi only, no cellular option for on-the-go use
- Some apps may require internal storage management
- Higher price point compared to smaller models
Best for: Parents of children aged 6-12 who need a versatile device for both learning and entertainment, with longer battery life
Not ideal for: Very young children under 6 or families seeking a lightweight, ultra-portable tablet
- Display:8-inch HD touchscreen, 1280 x 800 resolution
- Size:8.3” x 6.4” x 0.7” (212 mm x 162 mm x 17 mm)
- Weight:17.9 ounces (509 grams)
- CPU & RAM:Hexa-core 2.0 GHz, 3GB or 4GB RAM
- Storage:64 GB (54 GB available), expandable up to 1 TB via microSD
- Battery Life:Up to 13 hours
Our verdict“This tablet is well-suited for slightly older children needing a larger screen and longer battery life for school and play.”
Amazon Fire HD 8 Tablet (Newest Model), 8″ HD Display, 4GB RAM, 64GB Storage, Black
The Fire HD 8 (2024) offers a solid balance of performance and affordability, with a vibrant 8-inch HD display perfect for streaming, gaming, and general use. Its 4GB RAM and 64GB internal storage provide adequate space, while the expandable microSD slot allows for additional media. Compared with the Fire HD 8 Kids Pro, this model lacks the child-proofing features and parental controls built into kid-specific versions but suits older children or general household use. The built-in Alexa enhances smart home integration, though the lack of a front camera reduces its versatility for video calls. Its non-support for Google Play limits app choices, making it more suitable for users comfortable with Amazon’s ecosystem.
Pros:- Vibrant 8-inch HD display for media consumption
- Long battery life up to 13 hours
- Expandable storage up to 1 TB
- Built-in Alexa for voice control and smart home
Cons:- No support for Google Play, limiting app options
- Lacks dedicated parental controls or kid-proofing
- No front camera for video calls
Best for: Families seeking a budget-friendly tablet for older children and general entertainment with smart home features
Not ideal for: Younger children or families wanting a device with extensive parental controls and kid-proof design
- Display:8 inches HD
- RAM:4 GB
- Storage:64 GB
- Expandable Storage:Up to 1 TB (sold separately)
- Battery Life:Up to 13 hours
- Connectivity:Wi-Fi
Our verdict“This device offers a capable, budget-friendly option for older kids or household use, prioritizing media and smart features over child-specific protections.”
Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet (2024 Release), Ages 3-7, 8″ HD Display, 32GB, Blue
This 2024 Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet in blue combines a full-featured experience with a focus on safety and durability for the youngest users. Its 8-inch HD display strikes a good balance for small hands, and the 3GB RAM and 32GB storage are sufficient for a curated selection of apps and media. The included 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription offers age-appropriate content from trusted brands like Disney and Nickelodeon, making it a comprehensive package for early learners. Its Kid-Proof Case with handle and stand adds protection, while the 2-year worry-free guarantee offers peace of mind. The main tradeoff is its limited internal storage without a microSD card, and the auto-renewing subscription could add ongoing costs.
Pros:- Kid-Proof Case with stand and handle for protection
- Includes 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription with curated content
- Long battery life of up to 13 hours
- 2-year worry-free guarantee covers accidental damage
Cons:- Internal storage limited to 32GB without microSD expansion
- Subscription auto-renews at $7.99/month after the first year
- Full tablet experience may require ongoing parental supervision
Best for: Parents of children aged 3-7 looking for a safe, durable device with curated content and a comprehensive warranty
Not ideal for: Older children or households that want a device primarily for media streaming or gaming without parental controls
- Display:8″ HD
- RAM:3GB
- Storage:32GB
- Expandable Storage:Up to 1TB microSD (sold separately)
- Battery Life:Up to 13 hours
- Color:Blue
Our verdict“This tablet offers a safe, durable, and content-rich experience tailored for early childhood with added peace of mind through the warranty.”
Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model), Ages 3-7, 16 GB, Purple
This model stands out for combining a solid balance of features, durability, and affordability. It includes a 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription with ad-free content, a 2-year worry-free guarantee, and a sturdy case, making it ideal for active young children. Compared to the Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet, this 7-inch version is more portable and easier for smaller hands, but it sacrifices some screen size and processing power. The 16 GB internal storage is modest, yet expandable via microSD, which is a smart way to grow capacity without increasing initial cost. The auto-renewing subscription can be a drawback for budget-conscious families, and the limited internal storage might require frequent microSD management. This pick makes the most sense for parents seeking a reliable, all-in-one device that balances cost, protection, and parental controls.Pros:- Includes 1-year Amazon Kids+ subscription with ad-free, curated content
- 2-year worry-free guarantee for free replacement if broken
- Sturdy kid-proof case offers excellent drop protection
- Easy parental controls via Parent Dashboard
Cons:- Auto-renewing subscription at $7.99/month after the first year can add up
- Only 16 GB internal storage, requiring microSD expansion for more space
Best for: Parents looking for a compact, budget-friendly tablet with a strong warranty and flexible storage options for children aged 3-7.
Not ideal for: Families wanting a larger screen or more powerful hardware for more intensive apps or early learning programs.
- Screen Size:7 inches
- Storage:16 GB
- Expandable Storage:Up to 1 TB via microSD
- Battery Life:Up to 10 hours
- Age Range:3-7 years
- Color:Purple
Our verdict“This tablet is perfect for parents wanting a reliable, portable device with strong protections and flexible storage for young children.”
Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet (Newest Model) – 7-inch, 16GB, Blue
This version emphasizes ruggedness, making it ideal for parents who want a device that can withstand rough handling. The included 6-month Amazon Kids+ subscription offers a solid start with ad-free content, but unlike the newer model with a 1-year subscription, it provides less long-term value. Its sturdy kid-proof case ensures protection against drops and spills, perfect for younger children still mastering their coordination. The 10-hour battery life is comparable to other models like the Fire HD 8 Kids, but it doesn’t include the larger screen or more advanced features of the HD 8. Limited storage and automatic subscription renewal are similar tradeoffs, but this model’s main advantage is its robust build. This device suits families needing a simple, durable tablet for occasional use or younger children just beginning their digital experience.Pros:- Shockproof, kid-proof case provides excellent drop resistance
- Includes 6 months of ad-free Amazon Kids+ content
- Long battery life of up to 10 hours
- Parental controls for safe usage
Cons:- Limited internal storage without microSD expansion
- Shorter subscription period compared to newer models
Best for: Parents seeking a highly durable, straightforward tablet for children aged 3-7, especially for short-term or less intensive use.
Not ideal for: Families desiring a longer subscription period or more storage capacity for extensive content libraries.
- Screen Size:7 inches
- Storage:16 GB
- Expandable Storage:Up to 1TB microSD
- Battery Life:Up to 10 hours
- Color:Blue
- Subscription:6 months Amazon Kids+
Our verdict“This tablet suits parents prioritizing durability over long-term subscription benefits, making it ideal for active younger children.”
Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet, Ages 3-7, 64GB, Blue (2024 Release)
This model makes a clear case for families wanting a bigger display and more storage, especially for longer-term use. The 8-inch HD screen is more engaging for reading, videos, and educational apps compared to the 7-inch options. Its hexa-core processor and 4GB RAM deliver smoother performance, especially when multitasking or running more demanding apps, setting it apart from the basic Fire 7 models. The 64GB of built-in storage, expandable up to 1TB, offers ample space for a growing content library. The included Amazon Kids+ subscription provides a wide range of ad-free educational and entertainment options, with a 6-month trial that auto-renews. The 2-year worry-free guarantee adds peace of mind. This tablet is ideal for parents seeking a more capable device for multi-use, longer-lasting educational engagement, but it’s bulkier and slightly pricier than smaller, simpler models.Pros:- 8-inch HD display with durable stand/handle and strengthened glass
- Includes 6 months of ad-free Amazon Kids+ with extensive content
- 64GB internal storage, expandable up to 1TB
- 2-year worry-free guarantee for free replacement
Cons:- Auto-renewing subscription at $7.99/month after trial can add ongoing costs
- Bulkier size may be less portable for small hands
Best for: Families wanting a larger, more powerful tablet with extensive content and storage for children aged 3-7, especially for home use and longer sessions.
Not ideal for: Parents looking for a compact, budget-friendly device for very young children or casual short-term use.
- Display:8″ HD
- RAM:4 GB
- Storage:64 GB (expandable up to 1 TB)
- Processor:Hexa-core
- Battery Life:Up to 13 hours
- Age Range:3-7 years
Our verdict“This tablet suits families wanting a larger, more powerful device with extensive educational content and storage for long-term use.”

How We Picked
I evaluated these Amazon Fire Kids Tablets based on several key criteria: performance (speed and responsiveness), build quality and durability, parental controls and safety features, storage capacity, and value for the price. Additionally, I considered ease of use for children and overall device longevity. By comparing these factors across multiple models, I ranked the tablets to reflect their suitability for different age groups, budgets, and usage scenarios. The top picks stand out for offering a balanced mix of these elements, ensuring parents get a reliable, safe, and engaging device for their kids.| amazon fire kids tablet | Battery Life | Expandable Storage | Color |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | Up to 10 hours | — | — |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | Up to 10 hours | Up to 1TB microSD | Purple |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Pro Tabl | Up to 13 hours | — | — |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Tablet | Up to 13 hours | Up to 1 TB (sold separately) | — |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet | Up to 13 hours | Up to 1TB microSD (sold separately) | Blue |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | Up to 10 hours | Up to 1 TB via microSD | Purple |
| Amazon Fire 7 Kids Tablet | Up to 10 hours | Up to 1TB microSD | Blue |
| Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet | Up to 13 hours | — | — |
Factors to Consider When Choosing Amazon Fire Kids Tablets
Choosing the right Amazon Fire Kids Tablet involves weighing several important factors beyond just price or appearance. Understanding what features matter most for your child’s age and your family’s needs can help prevent common mistakes, like overspending on unnecessary features or selecting a device that’s too fragile or underpowered. Here’s what to consider when making your decision.Age Appropriateness and Durability
Select a model that matches your child’s age to ensure ease of use and safety. Younger children benefit from rugged, shockproof cases and simplified interfaces, while older kids may appreciate larger screens and more storage. Always check if the tablet comes with a durable case or consider purchasing one separately, as kids’ devices often face drops and spills.Performance and Storage
Performance matters for smooth app usage and media consumption. Models with at least 4GB of RAM handle multitasking better, especially for older children. Storage capacity varies from 16GB to 64GB or more—consider how many apps, books, and videos your child will need. Opting for expandable storage can be a cost-effective way to boost capacity without paying a premium.Parental Controls and Safety Features
Robust parental controls are key to managing screen time, content access, and usage limits. Look for features like kid-friendly interfaces, time restrictions, and content filtering. Devices with dedicated kid profiles make it easier to customize experiences and keep your child safe online, but ensure these controls are easy for parents to configure and monitor.Price and Long-Term Value
While budget models are tempting, consider how long the device will meet your child’s evolving needs. Sometimes investing a bit more upfront yields better durability, faster performance, and more features, extending the tablet’s usefulness. Beware of very cheap options that may lack essential safety features or break easily, leading to higher replacement costs.Additional Features and Ecosystem Compatibility
Features such as camera quality, multimedia support, and access to Amazon’s ecosystem can enhance the experience. Some models include access to Amazon Kids+ or other exclusive content, which can be a plus. Think about whether you want a device that integrates smoothly with other Amazon products or offers specific educational or entertainment apps.Frequently Asked Questions
Can I control what my child accesses on an Amazon Fire Kids Tablet?
Yes, Amazon Fire Kids Tablets come with comprehensive parental controls that allow you to restrict access to certain apps, set screen time limits, and filter content. These controls are designed to be user-friendly, so you can easily customize your child’s experience and ensure their safety online. Many models also offer kid profiles that automatically enforce these restrictions, giving parents peace of mind while children explore their device.
Are these tablets suitable for children of all ages?
Most Amazon Fire Kids Tablets are designed for specific age ranges, typically from 3 to 12 years old. The interface and content filtering are tailored accordingly, with younger children benefiting from simplified menus and stronger durability. For older children, models with larger screens and more storage may be more appropriate. Always check the recommended age to ensure the device aligns with your child’s developmental stage.
How durable are Amazon Fire Kids Tablets in everyday use?
Durability varies between models, but most are built with kid-proof cases or come with protective bumpers to withstand drops and rough handling. Some models specifically focus on ruggedness, making them ideal for active children. Keep in mind that while the device itself is designed to be tough, accessories like screen protectors and sturdy cases further extend their lifespan and protect against everyday accidents.
Is it worth paying extra for a larger storage capacity?
Opting for more storage can be worthwhile if your child enjoys downloading many apps, books, or videos, especially since media consumption is a core part of their experience. While cloud storage options are available, local storage ensures access without internet dependency. If you anticipate heavy usage, investing in a model with at least 32GB or more makes sense to avoid frequent deletions or upgrades later.
Can I upgrade the storage on these tablets?
Most Amazon Fire Kids Tablets offer expandable storage via microSD cards, allowing you to add more space without replacing the device. This flexibility is a significant advantage, especially for families with media-heavy usage. Always verify whether the model supports microSD cards and the maximum capacity it can handle before making a purchase.
Conclusion
For parents seeking a reliable, feature-rich option with excellent parental controls, the Amazon Fire HD 8 Kids Pro makes the most sense. If budget is a primary concern, the Fire 7 Kids Tablet offers solid performance at a lower price, making it ideal for younger children or short-term use. Those who want a premium experience with a larger screen and more storage may prefer the Fire HD 8 Kids Tablet (2024 Release). For beginners or first-time tablet buyers, models with simple interfaces and durable cases will ease the transition. Ultimately, your choice depends on your child’s age, usage needs, and how much you’re willing to invest for longevity and features.
Fall Picks
fall essentials
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.








